{"id":14335,"date":"2025-09-01T07:40:37","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T07:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14335"},"modified":"2025-09-01T07:40:40","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T07:40:40","slug":"6-9-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-9-28\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Yasser.66sa@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on 21st-Century Skills in Developing Teaching Performance among Secondary School Computer Science Teachers<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Yasser Eid Awad Al-Sulami<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Islamic University, Saudi Arabia.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Yasser.66sa@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj69\/28' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj69\/28<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/69\/28' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/69\/28<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (9). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 423 - 447<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-06-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-06-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-09-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue9\/6-9-28.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2025). The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on 21st-Century Skills in Developing Teaching Performance among Secondary School Computer Science Teachers. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;14335. 2025. \\&quot;The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on 21st-Century Skills in Developing Teaching Performance among Secondary School Computer Science Teachers.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 9. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;14335. 2025. The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on 21st-Century Skills in Developing Teaching Performance among Secondary School Computer Science Teachers. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-09-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(9). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-9-28\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;14335. The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on 21st-Century Skills in Developing Teaching Performance among Secondary School Computer Science Teachers. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-09-01; 6(9). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/28&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;14335, \\&quot;The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on 21st-Century Skills in Developing Teaching Performance among Secondary School Computer Science Teachers,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 9, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/28&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;14335. \\&quot;The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on 21st-Century Skills in Developing Teaching Performance among Secondary School Computer Science Teachers.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 9, 2025-09-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/28&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a. \u0639. \u0639. 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\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program grounded in 21st-century skills in enhancing the teaching performance of secondary school computer science teachers. A quasi-experimental design was employed, utilizing a teaching performance observation card and a self-efficacy scale. The sample consisted of 32 computer science teachers from the Jeddah educational directorate. The findings revealed statistically significant differences at the level of (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) between the pre- and post-test mean scores in favor of the post-test, both in the overall score and in the sub-skills of planning, implementation, classroom management, and assessment. Effect size and adjusted gain analyses confirmed that the training program had a strong impact on improving teaching performance and enhancing self-efficacy. The study recommends integrating 21st-century skills into both pre-service and in-service training programs for computer science teachers, as well as designing interactive workshops and activities that foster modern teaching practices aligned with the demands of the knowledge economy and the rapid pace of technological advancement.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Training Program, 21st-Century Skills, Teaching Performance, Computer Science Teachers.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a 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justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a: <a id=\"post-14335-_Hlk103512960\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 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\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a (2021) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u064a (2018) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630:<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641:<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647.<a id=\"post-14335-_Hlk169121937\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u200f<a id=\"post-14335-_Hlk138088470\"><\/a> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (Quasi experiment) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a) <strong>\u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"820\" height=\"198\" class=\"wp-image-14351\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14335-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14335-1.png 820w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14335-1-300x72.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14335-1-768x185.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14335-1-18x4.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u200f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 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<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (3)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (22)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (3)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (17)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f 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<strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a Interactive Projector.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 LCD. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 &#8220;\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a QR Code 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\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 (40) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (4) \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (40) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0649 &#8211; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (8) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a (1973 ,. Cooper, et al).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"110\" class=\"wp-image-14352\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14335-2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14335-2.png 630w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14335-2-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14335-2-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>84%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>88%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>85%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>80%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>103<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>85%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 87% \u0625\u0644\u0649 90% \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 5 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 40 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (3)\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (2)\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (1).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:\u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c (\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a) \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2024.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05\u2265 \u03b1) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630- \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 paired &#8211; Samples T Test \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Spss.V23)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b 32 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 &#8220;T&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12.84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>19.52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f (0.05)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>22.29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f (0.05)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>43.21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.856<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>23.06<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f (0.05)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.983<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>11.69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f (0.05)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>11.81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.94<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>120<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.88<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>31.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f (0.05)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>97.84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>* \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.05)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (31.37) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (0.000) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (0.01) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.01) \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a (120\/50) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a (120\/97.8). \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a<em> \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <\/em>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 ():<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 ( 2 ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a <\/strong><a id=\"post-14335-_Hlk168959279\"><\/a><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 (\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0649) \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 :<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646) Cohen&#8217;s d = M<sub>1<\/sub> &#8211; M<sub>2<\/sub> \/ <sub>pooled<\/sub> where <sub>pooled<\/sub> <br \/>\u062f = 0.20 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 small effect\u061b (d = 0.20)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f = 0.50 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 medium effect\u061b (d = 0.50)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f = 0.80 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631large effect \u061b (d = 0.80).<a id=\"post-14335-_Hlk169045074\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<p>D<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12.84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>43.21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>4.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>2.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>11.81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>120<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>5.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>97.84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (( d \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a=5.5 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 (0,5)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 <a id=\"post-14335-_Hlk168959700\"><\/a>\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 (\u0644\u0640 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0643) (Black) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 (\u0644\u0640 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0643) (Black) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a <em>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <\/em>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646<strong>:<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"310\" height=\"58\" class=\"wp-image-14353\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/unnamed-file.png\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637, \u062e\u0637 \u064a\u062f, \u0646\u0635, \u062e\u0637\n\n\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/unnamed-file.png 310w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/unnamed-file-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/unnamed-file-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635: \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633: \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0643 (Black) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646 (1- 2) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c 2011).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (\u0644\u0640 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0643).<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12.84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.06<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>43.21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>11.81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>120<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>97.84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.07<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1.15 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 1.06\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 1.05. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 1.00 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 1.07.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 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\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (2020). \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0628.\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0633. (2013). \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644. (2020). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c 20(4)\u060c 261-288.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (2022). \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 4(1)\u060c 353-383.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632. (2014). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2020). \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 3(1)\u060c 457-488.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644. (2015\u060c \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633). \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 21. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 5(4) 288 \u2013 311.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629. (2020). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c 4(2)\u060c 99-112.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633. (2018). \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 9(31)\u060c 149-163.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628. (2023). \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 9(5)\u060c 23-43.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631. (2020). \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c 2(123)\u060c 173-202.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646. (2006). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c 8(3)\u060c 45-72.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645. (2021). \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c 32(125)\u060c 67-152.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646. (2019). \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629. (2023). \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 5(7)\u060c 102-121.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. (2023). \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 1\u060c12\u060c 106 &#8211; 131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. (2023). \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 44(3)\u060c 12-34.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (2023). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2(109)\u060c 37 &#8211; 64.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d. (2020). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 9(2)\u060c 144-169.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c 1(112)\u060c 578-604.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0638\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d. (2024). \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 36(4) 292 &#8211; 319.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2020). \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2(71)\u060c 84-127.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2021). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c 4(28) 28 \u201378.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2018). \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 21(8)\u060c 81-129.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628. (2020). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c 25(4)\u060c 102-118.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2015). \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (2015). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c 3(39)\u060c 15-46.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. (2020). \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 5(1)\u060c 100-120.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642. (2016). \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1(43)\u060c 186 \u2013 197.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. (2020). \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cigerc, G. (2020). Teaching and Learning in the 21st Century: Approaches for Success. <em>Educational Journal of Modern Pedagogy<\/em>, 15(2), 45-59.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Salma, A., et al. (2023). Teacher Training and Development: Exploring 21st Century Skills. <em>Journal of Educational Development<\/em>, 32(4), 214-227.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trilling, B., &amp; Fadel, C. (2009). 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times. Jossey-Bass. Hoque, M. (2020). Assessment of Teacher Performance in the 21st Century. <em>International Journal of Educational Research<\/em>, 15(3), 21-39.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14335","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14335"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14354,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14335\/revisions\/14354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}