{"id":14334,"date":"2025-09-01T07:41:50","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T07:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14334"},"modified":"2025-09-01T07:41:53","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T07:41:53","slug":"6-9-29","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-9-29\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623.\u062f. \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u064a\u0632<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0645.\u062f. \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: amal9988@yahoo.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Samaheralmustafa@yahoo.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Role of Group Psychological Counseling in Reducing Domestic Violence among Children and Adolescents<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Prof. Amal Ismail Ayiz<sup>1<\/sup>, Assist. Prof. Samaher Mustafa Younis<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Education, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> amal9988@yahoo.com;<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Education, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Samaheralmustafa@yahoo.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj69\/29' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj69\/29<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/69\/29' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/69\/29<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (9). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 448 - 465<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-08-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-08-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-09-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue9\/6-9-29.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2025). The Role of Group Psychological Counseling in Reducing Domestic Violence among Children and Adolescents. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;14334. 2025. \\&quot;The Role of Group Psychological Counseling in Reducing Domestic Violence among Children and Adolescents.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 9. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;14334. 2025. The Role of Group Psychological Counseling in Reducing Domestic Violence among Children and Adolescents. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-09-01. [Cited 2026-04-25]. 6(9). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-9-29\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;14334. The Role of Group Psychological Counseling in Reducing Domestic Violence among Children and Adolescents. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-09-01; 6(9). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/29&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;14334, \\&quot;The Role of Group Psychological Counseling in Reducing Domestic Violence among Children and Adolescents,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 9, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/29&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;14334. \\&quot;The Role of Group Psychological Counseling in Reducing Domestic Violence among Children and Adolescents.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 9, 2025-09-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/29&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0623. \u0623\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0633. \u0645. 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to examine the role of group psychological counseling in reducing domestic violence and its harmful effects on children and adolescents, considering violence as one of the most pressing social and psychological issues that threaten family and community stability. The paper focused on key areas including: domestic violence, abuse, aggression, the objectives of group counseling, and its fields of application, while also highlighting the destructive effects of violence on children\u2019s personality formation and their psychological and social adjustment. Findings from reviewed studies confirm that the family plays a crucial role in shaping a child\u2019s development. Families that foster love, acceptance, and self-confidence build balanced and healthy individuals, whereas families that promote hatred, fear, and punitive practices tend to raise deviant and socially or emotionally disturbed personalities. Evidence indicates that exposure to violence, or witnessing violence between parents, leads to behavioral disorders, aggression, social withdrawal, or even suicidal tendencies among children and adolescents. The study emphasizes that group counseling provides an effective therapeutic approach, as it offers a safe environment for individuals with shared experiences to engage in emotional release, exchange of insights, development of problem-solving skills, and improvement of personal and social adjustment. Group counseling is also a practical alternative to individual counseling in contexts where the number of counselors is limited compared to the cases needing support. It is cost-effective and closely simulates real-life social interactions. The study concludes that domestic violence extends beyond its immediate victims to pose risks to the wider social structure. Group psychological counseling emerges as a strategic tool to address and mitigate this phenomenon through preventive and therapeutic interventions. The study recommends integrating group counseling programs into educational and social institutions and incorporating counseling-oriented activities in curricula to promote values of tolerance and positive communication within families.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Psychological counseling, group counseling, domestic violence.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 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\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629(Bamelt:1997,5-8)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f 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\u0636\u062f \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 (133-275) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 1994 ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 800 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 160 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 800 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f (\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 :2008\u060c\u063584)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a (7.76%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646 (20%) \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648 (54%) \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0648(34%) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0648(70%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0636\u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627 (\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u060c2004\u060c248).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 1995 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629)1997 , \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Davis et.ali ) (loss and Alexande<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 (\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 :1974\u060c53).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 (1985 ) : \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f 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justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 (1981) \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (Shertzer:1981,32)<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1988: \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a) (\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 1988 \u060c 297 ).<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a (1994) : \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a :1994 \u060c 36).<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 (1997 ) \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f (\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 :1997 \u060c191).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 -\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0644 (1970) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (Gill,1970,11)<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a (1997): \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a (\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a :1997,253)<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062c (2002): \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a (2002) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0648 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justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0630\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 (Who:2002 ,59)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 (Kemb et.al:1962) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u0628 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a :2004) \u2013 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a :2004\u060c5)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 :2007) : \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 :2007\u060c25 )<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d (2007): \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647 (\u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d :2007\u060c1).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a :2007) : \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a :2007 ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a (1982): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0630\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a :1982\u060c221)<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a: \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 :1993 \u060c479).<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627 :1999) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627:1999 \u060c4).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646 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justify;\">\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 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(\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627) Psychodrara :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a 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(\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 : 1988\u060c307).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 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\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: 1988\u060c363).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4- \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 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\u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0630\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 : 2005 \u060c22)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0643\u064a \u0648 \u0639\u062c\u0645 : 2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8 \u060c 92) \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0632 Maltiz \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0630\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Maltiz: 1999,199).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645 Bentovim \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 (Bentovim: 1999,39 &#8211; 54).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0630 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0630\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 (292,1996: Barrow) (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u062c\u064a: \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f9).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 1986 (Garbarino et. al) \u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 &#8220;\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 (Rejection) : \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 (Terrorizing) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 (Isolation) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 (Ignoring) : \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f: 2006\u060c22).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (Corrupting) : \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 ( \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 : 2006\u060c22).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u064a \u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 (Milner &amp; Crouch :1993,39-40)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3 &#8211; <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: \u0648\u0647\u0648 &#8221; \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0636\u062f \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 (\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 :2005\u060c23).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 (\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0634:1998\u060c10).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0633 Paradise \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 ( \u06f1\u06f8 ) \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (Paradise :1990,39)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0632\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0632\u0643 (1985) Marazek Marazek \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u06f2. \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 (\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646:2006\u060c25).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4.\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0649\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646: 2008\u060c156).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0645 (Incest) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b ( \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 : 2006\u060c25) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 : (2008\u060c155) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 : 2008\u060c \u0661\u0665\u0660).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> : \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b ( \u0634\u062a\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0665 \u060c23) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0634 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a (3\u060c2008).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 (\u0645\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0645 : 80\u060c \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 &#8211; \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0666 &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645( \u06f1\u06f9\u06f8\u06f0 ) \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 1986( \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u061b \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a ( \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0666 \u0648 1993) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 ( \u0664,\u0661 ) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 ( \u0668,\u0662 ) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 ( \u0661\u0664\u0663 \u0623\u0644\u0641) \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 ( \u0667\u0665\u0660) \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 ( \u062d\u0646\u0627: 2005\u060c63).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u0664 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0636\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0667\u0660% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0664\u0660 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 (\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0648: 1999\u060c9)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 ( \u06f2,\u06f9\u06f7 ) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a ( \u0661\u0664\u0660\u0660\u0660 ) \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646 \u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0639\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062d\u064a : \u06f1\u060c\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8 ) \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 ( \u0664\u0665 % ) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f3\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a : 2005\u060c14)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062a\u0644 (33) \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: 2009\u060c38).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631:( 2005\u060c37-36).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646: : 2008\u060c56-55).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0638 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a (Lori.et.al:2009,2)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 (Wiegman.et.al,1992:31).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646: 2005\u060c 24).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629: \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f 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\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0646\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 (1997). \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 (1986). \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 (1985). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1) \u0633\u0646\u0629 23.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. (2004). \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062c (1998): \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 (2007): \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645 \u0661\u0661\u060c \u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639 (\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0664): \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 (\u0662\u06f0\u06f0\u06f3): \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 (\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f7): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0636 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f3): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8): \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a (2005) : \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f ( 2008 ) : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637 1 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 ( 2007 ) \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 8 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 30 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0648 \u060c \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 ( 1999 ) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 (20002): \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0637 1 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 (1982): \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0637 6\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (1988). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0637 6\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d (1999): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0632\u064a ( 20008 ) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2005 ) : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0633 ( 1994 ) \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u06371 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2008): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u0642\u0634\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2002): \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (1993) \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 (2005): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 ( 2006 ) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a ( 1999 ). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a ( 1999 ) &#8211; \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a ( \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f7 ) \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f ( 20007 ): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (1988) &#8211; 20007)\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 ( 1984 ). \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a (2006) \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2002) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 ( 1986 ). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3 \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0631 ( 2007 ) : \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0637 1 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 (2009): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 (2004): \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 1999 ) : \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062f (\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0664) \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f9) : \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8) : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0663\u0666 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u06f1 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0635\u0645\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0644. (1974) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8) : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a ( \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8 ): \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 ( \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f2 ): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0628\u0631\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc ( \u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f7 ): \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Barnett, Ola W.; Miller-Perrin, Cindy L. and Perrin, Robin (1997): Family Violence Across the Lifespan. California: Sage Publication.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Barrow, Georgia M. (1996); Aging, the Individual &amp; Society. Minneapolis\/St. Paul: West Publishing Company.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bentovim, A. (1999). Child Abuse and Neglect. Medicine International, 28, 3953-3958. Gelles, Richard J. (1993). Family Violence. (In) Hmapton, Robert; Gullotta, Thomas; Adams, Geralad; Potter, Earl and Weissberg, Roger (Eds). Family Violence: Prevention and Treatment. California: Sage Publications<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gill, D. (1970): Violence Against Children: Physical Child Abuse in the U.S. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, in Eil &#8220;H&#8221; New Beror M.D.(ED) Child Abuse Little Brown L. Company.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jeansen, Gary F. &amp; Rojek, Dean G. (1992): Delinquency and Youth Crime. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Justice-justice (1990): The Abusing Family, Plenum Press, New York<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lori Legano, MD, Margaret T. McHugh, MD, MPH, &amp; Vincent J. Palusci, MD, MS, (2009): Child Abuse and Neglect: Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, Volume 39, Issue 2, February.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maltiz, Holman (1999). A Guide Book for Educators and Community Leaders. New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Milner, Joel. S. and Crouch, Juliel (1993). Physical child abuse. (In) Hmapton, Robert; Gullotta, Thomas; Adams, Geralad; Potter, Earl, and Weissberg, Roger (Eds). Family Violence: Prevention and Treatment. California: Sage Publications.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shertzer &amp; Shelley (1981). C. Stone, &#8220;Fundamental of Guidance.&#8221; Ushforth Ed. Hovghton Mittin, Inc., Boston.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">O&#8217;keefe, Maura (1996). The differential effects of family violence on adolescent adjustment. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Paradise, Jan (1990). The Medical Evaluation of Sexually Abused Child. The Pediatric Clinics of North America, 37, 4, 839-862<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wiegman, 0.; Kutdschreuter, M. &amp; Baarda, B. (1992): A longitudinal study of the effects of television viewing on aggressive and prosocial behaviors, British Journal of Social Psychology.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wiehe, Vernon R. (1997). Sibling Abuse\u2014Hidden Physical, Emotional and Sexual Trauma. Second Edition, Thousand Oaks, California: ASGE Publications.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Who. (2002): World Report on Violence and Health, Printed in Switzerland. 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