{"id":14308,"date":"2025-09-01T01:14:37","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T01:14:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14308"},"modified":"2025-09-01T01:14:39","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T01:14:39","slug":"6-9-13","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-9-13\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: left; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients in Misallata and Alkhoms Hospital Center<\/h3><h4 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633<\/h4><p style='text-align: left; font-weight:bold;'>MUHAMMAD ALHALEEB<sup>1<\/sup> , MUFEEDAH SAUD<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction: ltr; text-align: left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> Department of medical laboratories, Faculty of medical technique, Elmergib University, Al Khums, Libya , Email  maalhaleeb@elmergib.edu.ly<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> Department of medical laboratories, Faculty of medical technique, Elmergib University, Al Khums, Libya , Email  mfasaud@elmergib.edu.ly<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj69\/13' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj69\/13<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Arabic Scientific Research Identifier:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/69\/13' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/69\/13<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Volume (6) Issue (9). Pages:<\/strong> 198 - 207<\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Received at:<\/strong> 2025-08-07 | <strong>Accepted at:<\/strong> 2025-08-15 | <strong>Published at:<\/strong> 2025-09-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue9\/6-9-13.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? 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(2025). Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients in Misallata and Alkhoms Hospital Center. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;14308. 2025. \\&quot;Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients in Misallata and Alkhoms Hospital Center.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 9. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;14308. 2025. Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients in Misallata and Alkhoms Hospital Center. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-09-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(9). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-9-13\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;14308. Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients in Misallata and Alkhoms Hospital Center. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-09-01; 6(9). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;14308, \\&quot;Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients in Misallata and Alkhoms Hospital Center,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 9, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;14308. \\&quot;Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients in Misallata and Alkhoms Hospital Center.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 9, 2025-09-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;ALHALEEB M, SAUD M. (2025). \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;ALHALEEB MUHAMMAD , SAUD MUFEEDAH. 2025. \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;ALHALEEB M, SAUD M. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2025-09-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 6(9). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-9-13\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;ALHALEEB M, SAUD M. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2025-09-01\u061b 6(9). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;ALHALEEB M, SAUD M. \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 9\u060c 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;ALHALEEB MUHAMMAD , SAUD MUFEEDAH. \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 9\u060c 2025-09-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/13&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Background: Anemia is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that adversely affects the progression and development of other diabetes-related complications. Anemia is a common finding in patients with diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders with various etiologies characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels due to disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.  \r\nObjective: The present study was undertaken to study the anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes in Misallata and Alkhoms Hospital Center. \r\n Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among 300 diabetic patients (163 males, 54.3%) and (137 females, 45.7%) with a mean age of 45 years, from March to July 2024. Each patient in this study provided a blood sample for hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing.   \r\nResult: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of anemia in the study area was 61.7% of 300 patients, and it turns out that 38.3% of the sample do not have anemia. Also, it was found that 96% of the sample suffer from diabetes, and it turns out that 4% of the sample do not have diabetes. The percentage of anemia in females was higher than that in males. There were no differences in the incidence of anemia according to the place.     \r\nConclusion: The study concluded that there were no differences in the incidence of anemia according to age. There were no differences in the incidence of anemia according to the place of residence in Al-Khoms or Misallata, and no differences in the incidence of anemia according to the incidence of diabetes mellitus.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:left; direction:ltr;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Diabetes Mellitus (DM) , Type 2 Diabetes, Anemia.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a (DM)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a (DM) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633.\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642: \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 300 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a (163 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 54.3%\u060c \u0648137 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 45.7%) \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631 45 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2024. \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a (HbA1c).\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c: \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a 61.7% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 300 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 38.3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 96% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 4% \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c: \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a (DM)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases, also known as diseases, in which there is high blood sugar. Diabetes mellitus is one of the 8.35% of diseases affecting approximately 383 million people <strong><sup>(1)<\/sup><\/strong>. Diabetes mellitus can be classified into types based on insulin dependence <strong><sup>(2) <\/sup><\/strong>.Type 1 diabetes mellitus, known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, whereas noninsulin-dependent diabetes, or type 2 diabetes mellitus, results from insulin resistance, which is commonly seen in adults. Another type of diabetes known as gestational diabetes can develop during pregnancy, which improves or disappears after delivery, but studies showed that 20-50% of cases of these can develop type 2 diabetes later in life <strong><sup>(3).<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Red blood cells (erythrocytes), also referred to as red blood cells, reddish cells, or erythrocytes (from the Greek erythros for &#8220;red&#8221; and kytos for &#8220;hollow ship,&#8221; with -cyte as translated &#8220;cell&#8221; in modern use), are the most common type of blood cells and the main means of delivering oxygen (O\u2082) to the body <strong><sup>(4).<\/sup><\/strong> Tissues\u2014Blood flows through the blood circulation, and the cytoplasm in red blood cells is rich in hemoglobin, which is a vital molecule that contains iron that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the color red in red cells and blood. In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible biconcave tablets <strong><sup>(5).<\/sup><\/strong> They lack a cell nucleus and most organelles to accommodate the maximum space for hemoglobin and can be seen as bags of hemoglobin with the plasma membrane, such as bag <strong><sup>(6).<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are twice as likely to be prone to anemia than those without diabetes <strong><sup>(7)<\/sup><\/strong>. In this study, anemia was defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria: hemoglobin concentration lower than 13.0 g\/dl in men and lower than 12.0 g\/dl in non-pregnant women defined anemia <strong><sup>(8),<\/sup><\/strong> and hemoglobin10 &#8211; 12.9 g\/dl for men and 10\u201311.9 g\/dl for women was used to define mild anemia, hemoglobin 7\u20139.9 g\/dl for both genders defined moderate anemia, and hemoglobin &lt; 7 g\/dl for both genders defined severe anemia (WHO, 2001) <strong><sup>(9).<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Study sample:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">This study was directed from March 2024 to July 2024 by using a descriptive cross-sectional design on 300 diabetic patients (163 Male , 54.3%) and (137 Female, 45.7%) , with a mean age of 45 years.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">For the study, sample of 300 individuals with T2DM who were being treated in the General Medicine departments indoors and outdoors were chosen. All patients got a comprehensive clinical examination, a full medical history, and a number of investigations after providing their informed written permission.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Blood collection:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the beginning, 5 ml venous blood sample was obtained from the subjects and collected into a sterile vacutainer with EDTA anticoagulants and analyzed for hematological parameter such as hemoglobin and Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <strong><sup>(10)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Equipment:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">I- Photometer: Biosystems BTS \u2013 310 Photometer.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">II- Pipettes: Manual pipette was used for pipetting samples and standards at the beginning of the assay, and automatic pipettes delivering 200\u03bc, 500\u03bc and 1ml were used for subsequent reagent additions.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">III- Test tubes<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">IV- Water bath, (37\u00b0C).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Data processing and statistical analysis: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">To understand and examine the collected data, statistical analysis was done. An unpaired student t-test was used to determine the mean difference between diabetes patients who were anemic and those who were not. The data was examined using statistical software, including SPSS 20 and Microsoft Excel 2010.<strong><sup> (11)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Misallata and Alkhoms Hospital Center. The present study included 300 patients with diabetes (163 men, 54.3%) and (137 women, 45.7%) with a mean age of 45 years. The results of this study show that:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The prevalence of anemia in this study was 61.7%, as shown in Table 4-Figure 4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study showed that the percentage of diabetics in the study area was 96%, as shown in Table 5-Figure 5.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study concluded that there were differences in the incidence of anemia according to gender. It was found that the percentage of females with anemia was higher than the percentage of males (Table 6, Figure 6).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study concluded that there were no differences in the incidence of anemia according to age (Table 7), Figure 7.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study concluded that there were no differences in the incidence of anemia according to the place of residence in Al-Khoms or Misallata (Table 8), Figure 8.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study concluded that there are no differences in the incidence of anemia according to the incidence of diabetes (Table 9, Figure 9).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table (1) Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of gender:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Gender<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>frequency<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage %<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Females<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>137<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>45.7%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Males<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>163<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>54.3%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The data set out in the above table regarding the distribution of the sample individuals on the basis of gender indicate that the percentage of females represents 45.7%, while the percentage of males represents 54.3% of the individuals participating in the study.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"289\" class=\"wp-image-14312\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-1.png 481w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-1-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><strong><br \/>Figure (1) Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of Gender<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table (2): Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of age:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Age<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Frequency<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage %<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>20 to less than 30 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>3.7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>30 to less than 40 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>47<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>15.7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>40 to less than 50 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>69<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>23<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>50 to less than 60 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>53<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>17.7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>60 to less than 70 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>53<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>17.7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>70 years and more<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>67<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>22.3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The data set out in the above table relating to the distribution of the sample individuals on the basis of age indicated that 3.7% of the sample were aged 20 to less than 30 years, 15.7% of the sample were aged 30 to less than 40 years, 23% of the sample ranged in age from 40 to less than 50 years, 17.7% of the sample were aged 50 to less than 60 years, 17.7% were aged from 60 to less than 70 years, and 22.3% of the sample ranged in age from 70 years and more.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"289\" class=\"wp-image-14313\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-2.png 481w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-2-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Figure (2) Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of Age <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table (3) : Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of Address: <\/strong><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Address<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Frequency<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage %<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Al-Khoms<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>174<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>58<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Misallata<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>126<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">As shown in Table 3, it was found that 58% of the respondents lived in the city of Al-Khoms, while 42% of them lived in the city of Misallata.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"289\" class=\"wp-image-14314\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-3.png 481w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-3-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Figure (3) Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of address.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table (4): Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of anemia: <\/strong><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>anemia<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Frequency<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage %<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Normal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>115<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>38.3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Abnormal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>288<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>61.7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">From Table 4, it was found that 61.7% of the sample suffered from anemia, and it turned out that 38.3% of the sample did not have anemia, indicating that the prevalence of anemia was (61.7%).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"289\" class=\"wp-image-14315\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-4.png 481w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-4-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-4-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Figure (4) Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of anemia.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table (5): Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of Diabetics: <\/strong><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Diabetics<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Frequency<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage %<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Normal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Abnormal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>288<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>96<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">From Table 5, it was found that (96%) of the sample suffer from diabetes, and it turns out that (4%) of the sample do not have diabetes.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"289\" class=\"wp-image-14316\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-5.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-5.png 481w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-5-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-5-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Figure (5) Distribution of the sample according to the incidence of diabetics.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table 6: Results of Chi-square test to determine the differences in the incidence of anemia according to the gender:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Hb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>P-Value<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> Sig.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Normal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Abnormal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>Gender<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>male<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>71<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>92<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>163<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">\n<p><strong>0.028<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>43.6%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>56.4%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>female<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>44<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>137<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>32.1%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>67.9%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>115<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>185<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>38.3%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>61.7%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p><strong>Chi<sup>2<\/sup> Calculated = 4.122 , df=1 , Chi<sup>2<\/sup> Tabular 3.841 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>P-value &lt;0.05 Significant , P-value &lt;0.01 Highly significant , P-value &gt; 0.05 non-Significant<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The results showed that the P-value was 0.028, which was less than 0.05, indicating that there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of anemia according to gender. The Chi\u00b2 calculated value (4.122), which was greater than the tabular value (3.841), confirmed this relation. It was found that the percentage of females with anemia was 67.9%, which was higher than the percentage of males (56.4%).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Figure (6) the differences in the incidence of anemia according to the gender<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table 7: Results of Chi-square test to determine the differences in the incidence of anemia according to the age:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p><strong>Hb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>P-Value<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> Sig.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Normal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Abnormal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"12\">\n<p><strong>age<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>20 to less than 30 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"14\">\n<p>0.072<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>63.6%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>36.4%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>30 to less than 40 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>24<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>23<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>47<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>51.1%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>48.9%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>40 to less than 50 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>25<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>44<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>69<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>36.2%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>63.8%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>50 to less than 60 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>21<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>32<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>53<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>39.6%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>60.4%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>60 to less than 70 years<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>20<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>33<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>53<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>37.7%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>62.3%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>70years and more<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>18<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>49<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>67<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>26.9%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>73.1%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>115<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>185<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>38.3%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>61.7%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"10\">\n<p><strong>Chi<sup>2<\/sup> Calculated = 10.103 , df =5 , Chi<sup>2<\/sup> Tabular = 11.07 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>P-value &lt;0.05 Significant , P-value &lt;0.01 Highly significant , P-value &gt; 0.05 non-Significant<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The results showed that the P-value was 0.072, which was &gt; 0.05, indicating that there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of anemia according to age. The Chi\u00b2 calculated value (10.103), which was less than the tabular value (11.07), confirms this result.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"548\" height=\"289\" class=\"wp-image-14317\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-6.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-6.png 548w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-6-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-6-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Figure (7) the differences in the incidence of anemia according to the age<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table 8: Results of Chi-square test to determine the differences in the incidence of anemia according to the place:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p><strong>Hb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>P-Value<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> Sig.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Normal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Abnormal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>Address<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Alkhoms<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>74<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>174<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"6\">\n<p><strong>0.051<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>42.5%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>57.5%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Misallata<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>41<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>85<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>126<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>32.5%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>67.5%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>115<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>185<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>38.3%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>61.7%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"10\">\n<p><strong>Chi<sup>2<\/sup> Calculated = 3.085 , df=1 , Chi<sup>2<\/sup> Tabular 3.841 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>P-value &lt;0.05 Significant , P-value &lt;0.01 Highly significant , P-value &gt; 0.05 non-Significant<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The results showed that the P-value was equal to 0.051, which was more than 0.05, and that there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of anemia according to the place. The Chi\u00b2 calculated value (3.085), which was less than the tabular value (3.841), confirms this result.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"289\" class=\"wp-image-14318\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-7.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-7.png 481w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-7-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/word-image-14308-7-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Figure (8) the differences in the incidence of anemia according to the place<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Table 9: Results of Chi-square test to determine the differences in the incidence of anemia according to the diabetes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" rowspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>Hb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>P-Value<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> Sig.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Normal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Abnormal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>HbAic<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Normal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>0.515<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>41.7%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>58.3%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Abnormal<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>110<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>178<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>288<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>38.2%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>61.8%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>115<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>185<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>38.3%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>61.7%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>100.0%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"13\">\n<p><strong>Chi<sup>2<\/sup> Calculated = 0.059 , df=1 , Chi<sup>2<\/sup> Tabular 3.841 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>P-value &lt;0.05 Significant , P-value &lt;0.01 Highly significant , P-value &gt; 0.05 non-Significant<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The results showed that the P-value was 0.515, which was greater than 0.05, and there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of anemia according to diabetes. The Chi\u00b2 calculated value (0.059), which was less than the tabular value (3.841), confirms this result. The researchers believe that this was due to the high incidence of diabetes, which included anemic and non-anemic patients.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Diabetes is a major public health issue worldwide. The global burden of diabetes is increasing and is expected to be approximately 366 million by 2030 <strong><sup>(12)<\/sup><\/strong> . Anemia is common in diabetes and potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes complications <strong><sup>(13)<\/sup><\/strong>. In our study, we included 300 patients with DM (163 men, 54.3%) and (137 women, 45.7%), with a mean age of 45 years. It was found that the prevalence of anemia in our study population was 61.7%, and the percentage of diabetics in the study area was 96%. In this research there were differences in the incidence of anemia according to gender, and it was found that the percentage of females with anemia was higher than the percentage of males.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study concluded that there were no differences in the incidence of anemia according to the place of residence in Al-Khoms or Misallata and the incidence of diabetes. However, our prevalence estimate was higher than those reported in studies conducted elsewhere, including 14.6% in a tertiary center in Germany, 23.3% in the Austin and Repatriation Medical Center, Australia, and 15% and 23.5% in the diabetes care clinics of Teesside and Liverpool, UK <strong><sup>(14)<\/sup><\/strong>. The prevalence of anemia in our study (61.7%) was relatively higher than that reported in the general adult population in Cameroon (34%) <strong><sup>(15)<\/sup><\/strong>. The prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes reported elsewhere is lower than our findings, depending on the level of development of the country, geographical altitude, and age of the study population: 46.5% in the Caribbean population, 17% in Ethiopia, and 12\u201323% in Caucasians<strong><sup>(16)<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusion <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients in Misallata and Alkhoms cities. In conclusion, the prevalence of anemia in the type 2 diabetic population in our study was high, including in patients with normal renal function. Anemia, characterized by a decline in RBC and Hb levels, is associated with diabetes, which, in turn, can itself result in anemia by virtue of multiple pathophysiological pathways, such as inflammation and decline in EPO. Female sex and advancing age are risk factors for the development of anemia in patients with diabetes. Similarly, the morphological type of anemia in diabetics may vary. The majority of patients had moderate anemia, and females suffered more from anemia than males. Our findings highlight the need to incorporate anemia screening into the routine assessment of diabetic complications, particularly for those with significant risk factors, to enable early detection and treatment of anemia and, hence, improve the overall care of patients with diabetes.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">1- J. E. Shaw, R. A. Sicree, and P. Z. Zimmet, \u201cGlobal estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030,\u201d Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 4\u201314, 2010.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">2- P. F. Pereira, R. D. C. G. Alfenas, and R. M. A. Ara\u00b4ujo, \u201cDoes breastfeeding influence the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in children? A review of current evidence,\u201d Jornal de Pediatria, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 7\u201315, 2014.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">3-BrasilMinist\u00b4erio da Sa\u00b4ude, Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes 2013-2014, AC Farmac\u02c6eutica, 2014.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">4- A. Angelousi and E. Larger, \u201cAnaemia, a common but often unrecognized risk in diabetic patients: a review, Diabetes &amp; Metabolism, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 18\u201327, 2015.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">5- McGill JB, Bell DS Anemia and the role of erythropoietin in diabetes. J diabetes complications.2006; 20(4):262-72.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">6- World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Assessing the iron status of populations. 2007. Available at: URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/publications\/micronutrients\/\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/publications\/micronutrients\/<\/a> anaemia_iron_deficiency\/9789241596107\/en\/<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">7- S. Fava, J. Azzopardi, S. Ellard, and A. T. Hattersley, \u201cACE gene polymorphism as a prognostic indicator in patients with type 2 diabetes and established renal disease,\u201d Diabetes Care, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 2115\u20132120, 2001.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">8- WHO DIAMOND Project Group: Familial IDDM epidemiology: Standardization of data for the DIAMOND Project. Bull WHO 69:767-77, 2012.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">9- WHO, Anaemia, World Health Organization, 2001.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">10-WHO and IDF (2006):definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia: report of WHO\/IDF consultation. WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">11- World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Assessing the iron status of populations. 2007. Available at: URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/publications\/micronutrients\/\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/publications\/micronutrients\/<\/a> anaemia_iron_deficiency\/9789241596107\/en\/<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">12- Barbieri J, Fontela PC, Winkelmann ER, Zimmermann CEP, Sandri YP ,Viera EK et al. Anemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Anemia 2015. pageshttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/ 2015\/354737.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">13- Andrews M and Arredondo M. Ferritin levels and hepcidin mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear cells from anemic type 2 diabetic patients. Biol Trace Elem Res.2012; 149(1):1-4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">14-M. C. Carvalho, E. C. E. Baracat, and V. C. Sgarbieri, \u201cAnemia ferropriva e anemia de doenc\u00b8a cr\u02c6onica: dist\u00b4urbios do metabolismo de ferro,\u201d Revista Seguranc\u00b8a Alimentar e Nutricional, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 54\u201363, 2006.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">15-M. Andrews and M. Arredondo, \u201cFerritin levels and hepcidin mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear cells from anemic type 2 diabetic patients,\u201d Biological Trace Element Research, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 1\u20134, 2012.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">16- D. K. Singh, P. Winocour, and K. Farrington, \u201cErythropoietic stress and anemia in diabetes mellitus,\u201d Nature Reviews Endocrinology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 204\u2013210, 2009.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases, also known as diseases, in which there is high blood sugar. 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