{"id":13875,"date":"2025-07-01T01:13:14","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T01:13:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=13875"},"modified":"2025-07-01T01:13:16","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T01:13:16","slug":"6-7-16","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-7-16\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1990-2020<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623. \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: aisha.bazina@uob.edu.ly<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Impact of Economic Development on Unemployment Rates in Libya (1990\u20132020)<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Aisha Bazina<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Lecturer, Faculty of Economics, University of Benghazi, Department of Economics, Libya.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> aisha.bazina@uob.edu.ly<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj67\/16' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj67\/16<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/67\/16' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/67\/16<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (7). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 233 - 250<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-06-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-06-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-07-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue7\/6-7-16.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2025). The Impact of Economic Development on Unemployment Rates in Libya (1990\u20132020). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Bazina Aisha. 2025. \\&quot;The Impact of Economic Development on Unemployment Rates in Libya (1990\u20132020).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 7. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Bazina O. 2025. The Impact of Economic Development on Unemployment Rates in Libya (1990\u20132020). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-07-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(7). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-7-16\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Bazina O. The Impact of Economic Development on Unemployment Rates in Libya (1990\u20132020). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-07-01; 6(7). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Bazina O, \\&quot;The Impact of Economic Development on Unemployment Rates in Libya (1990\u20132020),\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 7, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Bazina Aisha. \\&quot;The Impact of Economic Development on Unemployment Rates in Libya (1990\u20132020).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 7, 2025-07-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639. (2025). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1990-2020. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629. 2025. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1990-2020\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1990-2020. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2025-07-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 6(7). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-7-16\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1990-2020. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2025-07-01\u061b 6(7). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1990-2020\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 7\u060c 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1990-2020\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 7\u060c 2025-07-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj67\\\/16&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1990 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2020\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to analyze the relationship between economic growth and unemployment rates in Libya during the period from 1990 to 2020, using a descriptive and analytical approach based on time series data. The findings reveal a statistically significant inverse relationship between unemployment and economic growth: higher unemployment rates are associated with declining productivity and inflated unproductive government spending, which in turn hinder growth. The study further highlights that labor overcrowding in the public sector and inefficient employment practices lead to disguised unemployment, reducing Libya\u2019s international competitiveness and deterring foreign investment. Moreover, the study indicates that economic policies have been largely ineffective in addressing fluctuations, particularly during stagflation periods. The research recommends adopting investment-friendly policies, combating corruption, and empowering the private sector to generate sustainable job opportunities.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Economic growth, Unemployment, Libya, Productivity, Foreign investment.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 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\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1990 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2020)\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1990-2020)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1990-2020).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1990-2020).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong> \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Banda, H., &amp; Choga, I. (2015) )\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 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\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 (BUG) \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a (REER) \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (LP). \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a (VECM) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a REER \u0648LP \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648BUG \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c VECM \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 LP \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648BUG \u0648REER \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 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<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c 2010\u060c \u06352).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c 2014)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"611\" height=\"97\" class=\"wp-image-13887\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/word-image-13875-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/word-image-13875-1.png 611w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/word-image-13875-1-300x48.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/word-image-13875-1-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 611px) 100vw, 611px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 4.51% \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20.74% (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 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\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 20.74% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0625\u0644\u064a 10.53% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u061b \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 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justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 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justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 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(\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c 2011).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c 2014) \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c 2015).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a (Belattaf, 2010, p.15)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c 2010\u060c \u06358).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635 108).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 18.74% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 Okun \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">U = a + b( Y \u2013 Y*)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 Okun \u0641\u064a 3% \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a Y* \u0648\u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c Okun \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-13875-_Hlk198978397\"><\/a> U\u0394: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 % \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0394Y: \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03b5: \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u00e0 \u0648b \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0394U = 0 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0394Y*= -\u00e0\/b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 b=\u0394U\/\u0394Y<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1990-2020)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1990<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>18.46<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>8.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>26.96<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>4.02<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1991<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>18.85<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>11.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>30.75<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>15.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1992<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>18.96<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>9.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>28.36<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-2.7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1993<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.14<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>11.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>30.24<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-3.7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1994<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.19<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>5.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>24.20<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>1.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1995<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.19<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>7.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>26.39<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-2.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1996<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.19<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>4.0<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>23.19<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>2.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1997<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.17<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>3.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>22.23<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>5.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1998<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.17<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>3.7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>22.24<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-3.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>1999<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.24<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>2.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>21.30<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>0.7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2000<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>14.7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-2.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>11.8<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>3.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2001<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>16.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-9.8<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>6.7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-1.7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2002<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>16.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-9.8<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>6.7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-0.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2003<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>20.3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-2.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>18.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>13.0<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2004<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>2.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>21.7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>4.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2005<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>20.0<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>2.0<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>22.0<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>11.8<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2006<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>1.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>20.8<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>6.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2007<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>6.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>25.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>6.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2008<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>16.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>10.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>26.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-0.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2009<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>17.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>2.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-4.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2010<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>17.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>2.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>20.0<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>5.3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2011<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>15.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>35.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-50.3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2012<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.0<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>6.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>25.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>86.8<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2013<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>18.3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>2.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>20.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-17.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2014<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>17.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>2.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-23.0<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2015<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>16.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>9.8<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>25.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-0.8<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2016<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>16.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>25.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>42.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-1.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2017<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>17.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>25.8<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>42.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>32.5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2018<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>17.3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>13.1<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>30.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>7.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2019<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>19.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-2.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>17.4<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>-5.9<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>2020<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>18.3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>15.6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>16.3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>7.2<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b: \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1962-2006) \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 2010.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1990-2020)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a 19.9% \u0633\u0646\u0629 1996\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a 19.7% \u0633\u0646\u0629 1998\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u064a 19.24% \u0633\u0646\u0629 1999\u0645\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064e \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064e \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a 14.7%\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064e \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0625\u0644\u064a 19.6% \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u062c\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (2012-2015) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 19.0% \u0625\u0644\u0649 16.1% \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (2016-2020) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 8.5% \u0633\u0646\u0629 1990 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a 11.9% \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a 2.6% \u0633\u0646\u0629 1999 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0625\u0644\u064a 2003\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004 \u0625\u0644\u064a 2008 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 10.4% \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a 15.9%\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2016 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 25.9% \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 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\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 4.02% \u0644\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a 15.6%\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 50.3%.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 (2013): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2(1)\u060c \u0635 123-138.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a (2015): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c<\/strong> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06393\u060c \u0635 141.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u064a (2011): <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (2016): <strong>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627- \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 5- 0714 &#8211; 4648 &#8211; 1- 978 \/ . https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1596<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (2023): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a World Bank<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1962-2006 (2010) \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (2015): <strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1990-2013)<\/strong>\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645 (2017): <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a (1962-2012)\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c1\u060c \u06391.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 (2020): <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629: 1980: 2018<\/strong>&#8220;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c 4\u060c \u0639 6\u060c \u0635 17-31.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0627\u0644\u0648 (2007): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 (2010): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u063926\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 (2009): <strong>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0632\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 (2019): <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (2003-2014)<\/strong> <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ARDL<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0639 44.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (2024): <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 &#8220;2004-2021&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062c 43\u060c \u0639 142\u060c \u0635 378-398.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0647 (2016): <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1990: 2012\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06396\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016\u060c \u0635 105-126.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2013): <strong>\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u060c <\/strong>\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 (2011): <strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0635 194-223.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646 (2014): <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c (63)\u060c \u06396.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 (2021): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 Okun \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 Gordon<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u06396\u060c \u0635 62-79.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 (2000): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c21\u060c \u0639 41.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0647\u062f\u064a (2023): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2001): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a 1970-1995\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c 12\u060c \u0639 1.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a (2023): <strong>\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 (2012): \u0639\u062a<strong>\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1970-2009)\u060c <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c (11)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2002): <strong>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Banda, H., &amp; Choga, I. (2015). The impact of economic growth on unemployment in South Africa: 1994 \u2013 2012.\u00a0<em>Corporate Ownership &amp; Control, 12(4-7)<\/em>, 699-707.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Belattaf, M. (2010). Development economics. Algiers: Office of University Publications<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fatai, Abiodun, (2013). <strong>Empirical Test of Okun\u2019s Law in Nigeria, International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories<\/strong>, Vol. 3, No. 3, e-ISSN 2247\u20137225 .<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Statista. (2024, July 25). Unemployment<em> rate in Libya 2023<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13875","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13875","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13875"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13875\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13888,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13875\/revisions\/13888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}