{"id":11725,"date":"2024-11-04T11:25:53","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T11:25:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=11725"},"modified":"2024-11-04T11:26:26","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T11:26:26","slug":"5-11-26","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-11-26\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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HNSJ, 2024, 5(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj511\/26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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id=\"post-11725-endnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-11725-endnote-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> <\/sup><\/p>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 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\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647<a id=\"post-11725-endnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-11725-endnote-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 (worst case scenario) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 (virtual reality) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<a id=\"post-11725-endnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-11725-endnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 51-55.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d\u060c \u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f (2007) \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 31.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2002) \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 36<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f (2015) \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 34.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2003) \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 362<\/li>\n<li>H. KUNREUTHER, M. USEEM, Learning from catastrophes: strategies for reaction and response, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010, P. 23<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 (2022) \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 96<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635117.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0635 36<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 …\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f11\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 21\u060c \u0635151 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>Caporigro, J. The Crisis Counselor: Step by Step, Guide to Managing A Business Crisis, Contemporary Book, New York, USA, 2002, P16<\/li>\n<li>Pines, W, Myths of Crisis Management Public Relations, Quarterly Vol. 145, No. 3, 2000, P15.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063592.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063526.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063525.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2005\u0645\u060c \u063523.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0645\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2003\u0645 \u060c \u063515.<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0644\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c2014\u060c \u06352.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2012\u060c \u0635 379.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2017) \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 461.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 10325\u060c 9\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644 1421 \u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2002\u0645\u060c \u063547.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635243.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063547.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063535.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2003\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 2003\u0645\u060c \u063534.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063531.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635169.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063538.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2007\u060c \u063515.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063549.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635247.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063580.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u2013 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0635\/144\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 (893).<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1999\u060c \u063520 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c 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\u0635659.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1982\u060c \u0635447.<\/li>\n<li>Philipe Foillard, Droit administratife, paradigm, LGDJ,211, p372<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635484.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635212.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d 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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11725","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11725"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11746,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11725\/revisions\/11746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}}