{"id":11589,"date":"2024-11-01T02:42:34","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T02:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=11589"},"modified":"2024-11-01T12:36:47","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T12:36:47","slug":"5-11-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-11-7\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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HNSJ, 2024, 5(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj511\/7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 )\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 ) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a ( \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<a id=\"post-11589-GrindEQpgref5f741fe61\"><\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\nPsychology of learning according to Ibrahim bin Ismail in his book Sharh Teaching the learner the way of learning<\/strong>“<\/p>\nPublished at 01\/11\/2024 Accepted at 15\/10\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\nAbstract <\/strong><\/p>\nThe study aimed to identify the statement of the psychology of learning according to Imam Ibrahim bin Ismail in his book “Explanation of Teaching the learner the way of learning”, and the researcher followed in his study the inductive approach, the descriptive analytical approach, and the comparative approach, and the researcher concluded that Imam Ibrahim bin Ismail addressed many topics at the level of the subject of learning such as; learning motives, characteristics of the student of knowledge, circumstances of the educational situation, the educational system, elements of the curriculum (goals, content, teaching methods, and evaluation), principles of learning, learning methods, facilitating factors (help) for learning, and difficulties (obstacles) to learning.<\/p>\nKey Words: 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a ( \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n1 – \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n2 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a 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\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062c\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n5- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c ( 1987 )\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 ” \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 “\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 )<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641: <\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 ( \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 14 \u2013 \u0635 25 )\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u0623 –<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 ( \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 14 ).<\/p>\n\u0628 – \u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n* \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0642 ( \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647)\u060c (\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 25).<\/p>\n* \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c ( \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627).<\/p>\n\u062c \u2013 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 ( \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 )\u060c ( \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 25 ).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649: <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\u0623 – \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n– \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n– \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0628\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\u0628 – \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n– \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628.<\/p>\n– \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627: \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 ( \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c 2010\u060c \u063514\u2013 \u063515\u060c \u0635 26- \u063527 ).<\/p>\n3 \u2013 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633:<\/strong> ( \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u060c 2010 )<\/p>\n \u0623 – \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621: <\/strong>\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n \u0628- \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621: <\/strong>\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n4 \u2013 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\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 131 \u2013 \u0635 136 )\u060c<\/p>\n1 – \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n2 – \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u060c <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639: \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a ( \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n1 – \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n3 \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 ” \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 ” \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n1 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n2 \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 ” \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c ( 1984 )\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c ( 1993 )\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c (1991 )\u060c \u0639 4\u060c \u0645 32\u060c \u062f\u060c \u0637\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c ( 2011 )\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0637 4\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c ( 1987 )\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>– \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c ( 1986 )\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>– \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c ( 1986 )\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f 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\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u0637\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n18- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062c\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642\u060c ( 1991 )\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 73 – \u0635 167.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d ” \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 “ \u062f. \u0630\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a1 1 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11589","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11589"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11619,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11589\/revisions\/11619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}}