{"id":11432,"date":"2024-10-01T13:21:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T13:21:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=11432"},"modified":"2024-10-01T13:22:00","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T13:22:00","slug":"5-10-18","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-10-18\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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HNSJ, 2024, 5(10); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj510\/18<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621- \u2013\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-11432-GrindEQpgref5f741fe61\"><\/a><strong>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rainwater Harvesting Techniques in Semi-Arid Regions The Kort Basin in Northeastern Morocco as a Model<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Published at 01\/10\/2024 Accepted at 20\/09\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The limited water resources on the one hand, and the need for domestic water and the expansion of cultivated areas on the other hand, prompted people in the Kert Basin, and similar to other areas located in the arid and semi-arid ranges, to work individually or collectively to develop \u201ctechnical-social\u201d systems to adapt to the situation of water scarcity. Systems based on collecting and storing rainwater and surface runoff during the wet period to benefit from it during the dry periods.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Within this context, the study worked to monitor and document local management techniques for water resources and determine the nature of the choices that people in the Kert Basin have in light of the natural scarcity and poor connection to the public drinking water network. Moreover, this monitoring and documentation is not a goal in itself, but rather its purpose is to revive the traditional water heritage in a way that ensures the fulfillment of water needs in a safe and continuous manner.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key Words: <\/strong>Semi-arid areas – the need for water – rainwater management – traditional skills<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 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justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 38 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064815 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064839 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 3\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064820\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u06484 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064825 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0637 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 (\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0641) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1972 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2016 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 300 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0645 (\u0623\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 500 \u0645\u062a\u0631). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 (Barathon1989) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: “\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626”.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1972 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"474\" height=\"405\" class=\"wp-image-11445\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-2.png 474w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-2-300x256.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-2-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"472\" height=\"405\" class=\"wp-image-11447\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-3.png 472w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-3-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-3-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"424\" class=\"wp-image-11449\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-4.png 475w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-4-300x268.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-4-13x12.png 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"426\" class=\"wp-image-11450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-5.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-5.png 479w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-5-300x267.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-5-13x12.png 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2) \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 (100 – 300 \u0645\u0644\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 54 \u0648 %80\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a (300 \u2013 500 \u0645\u0644\u0645) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 13 \u0648 %40\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 100\u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0 \u0648 %7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2): \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1972 – 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1999 \u2013 2016 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">– \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f: \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u00b0C12,87) \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648(\u00b0C 15,46) \u0643\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 (\u00b0C 2,53).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">– \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641: \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u00b0C 21,43) \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a \u0648(\u00b0C 28,45) \u0643\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u063a\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u0634\u062a: \u00b0C44,6 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 2003-2004\u060c \u00b0C44,2 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 2011-12\u060c \u00b0C42,3 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 2002-2003<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 1926,4 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 5,28 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u0640 262,3 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0640\u0640 82,40 \u0645\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0640\u0640( 133 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\/\u0645<sup>3<\/sup>)<sup><a id=\"post-11432-footnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-11432-footnote-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c 21 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\/\u0645<sup>3 <\/sup>\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648112 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\/\u0645<sup>3<\/sup> \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0641\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 400 \u0643\u0645<sup>2<\/sup> \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0640 18 \u064821 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justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<sup><a id=\"post-11432-footnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-11432-footnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 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src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-7.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-7.png 787w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-7-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-7-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-7-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 787px) 100vw, 787px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 20\/07\/2020<a id=\"post-11432-_Toc98791662\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc98792660\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108129353\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108132000\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc138614290\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0630 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"710\" height=\"349\" class=\"wp-image-11459\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-9.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-9.png 710w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-9-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-9-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15\/03\/2019 <a id=\"post-11432-_Toc98687067\"><\/a> <a id=\"post-11432-_Toc98791666\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc98792664\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108129357\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108132004\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc138614294\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 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https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20200420-wa0015-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20200420-wa0015-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20200420-wa0015-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20200420-wa0015-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20200420-wa0015-360x270.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20200420-wa0015-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1040px) 100vw, 1040px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1032\" height=\"774\" class=\"wp-image-11462\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20190314-wa0083.jpeg\" alt=\"IMG-20190314-WA0083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20190314-wa0083.jpeg 1032w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20190314-wa0083-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20190314-wa0083-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20190314-wa0083-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20190314-wa0083-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20190314-wa0083-360x270.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/img-20190314-wa0083-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1032px) 100vw, 1032px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12\/04\/2020 <a id=\"post-11432-_Toc98791667\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc98792665\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108129358\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108132005\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc138614295\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c…<sup><a id=\"post-11432-footnote-ref-14\" href=\"#post-11432-footnote-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"622\" height=\"510\" class=\"wp-image-11463\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop.jpeg\" alt=\"Description\u00a0: Description\u00a0: C:\\Users\\Minfo\\Desktop\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\\CIMG0009.JPG\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop.jpeg 622w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop-300x246.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop-15x12.jpeg 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"776\" height=\"582\" class=\"wp-image-11464\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop-1.jpeg\" alt=\"Description\u00a0: Description\u00a0: C:\\Users\\Minfo\\Desktop\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\\CIMG0011.JPG\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop-1.jpeg 776w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop-1-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop-1-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop-1-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop-1-360x270.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/description-description-c-users-minfo-desktop-1-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 776px) 100vw, 776px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17\/12\/2017<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108128447\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (01) \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<sup><a id=\"post-11432-footnote-ref-15\" href=\"#post-11432-footnote-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a 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class=\"wp-image-11465\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-14.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-14.png 624w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-14-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/word-image-11432-14-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc98791663\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc98792661\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108129354\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108132001\"><\/a><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc138614291\"><\/a><strong>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 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\u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 (\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 13). \u062a\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 0 \u0648 %2,5- \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2004 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2014.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 171330 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994 \u0625\u0644\u0649 166586 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-11432-_Toc108128431\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (02): \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2014<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2004<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>1994<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>111471<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>124018\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>171330<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>11096<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10365<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>–<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>44019<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>34056<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>–<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>166586<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>168439<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>171330<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>26,42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20,21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0,00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 (%)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 1994 \u06482004 \u06482014<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (02) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 171330 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994 \u0625\u0644\u0649 111471 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 0,54- \u06482,44- \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2004 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2014. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 (\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u064a) \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 34056 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004 \u0625\u0644\u0649 44019 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 %27 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 %20 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 (2024). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.\u00a0<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u06294<\/em>(3), 192\u2013176<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f )2005(\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 6494 \u2013 21 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 1437 (25 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2016).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (2002) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (140 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">-A LAOUINA, Eric ROOSE et Mohammed SABIR (2006) SPATIALISATION DE LA GESTION CONSERVATOIRE DES EAUX ET DES SOLS AU MAROC, LES FACTEURS ECOLOGIQUES, SOCIAUX ET CULTURELS P 53- 62 P54. Actes de la session VII organis\u00e9e par le R\u00e9seau E-GCES de l’AUF au sein de la conference ISCO de Marrakech (Maroc), du 14 au 19 mai 2006.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– \u00c9 Mollard., A Walter. (\u00e9d.), (2008). Agricultures singuli\u00e8res. Paris, IRD Editions.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– E Roose (1994) Introduction \u00e0 la gestion conservatoire de l’eau, de la biomasse et de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols (GCES). <em>Bull. P\u00e9dol. FAO, <\/em>70.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– H AL ABASSI (2000) : Le savoir-faire des populations locales et gestion des eaux et des sols dans une moyenne montagne m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne semi-aride du Rif oriental (Maroc).\u00a0Bull. R\u00e9seau \u00c9rosion.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>H EL YADARI, M. CHIKHAOUI, M. NAIMI, M. SABIR, D. RACLOT (2019) techniques de Conservation des eaux et des sols au Maroc : aper\u00e7u et perspectives, Rev. Mar. Sci. Agron. V\u00e9t. 7 (2).<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">-J AL KARKOURI, A. WATFEH, M. ADERGHAL, (2002). Techniques de CES dans une zone semi-aride m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne du Rif central (B\u00e9ni Bouffrah), Maroc.\u00a0Bull. R\u00e9seau \u00c9rosion,\u00a021.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– M Sabir., Roose \u00c9, AL karkouri J, (2010)\u00a0: Les techniques traditionnelles de gestion de l’eau, de la biomasse et de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols, Ouvrage collectif : Gestion durable de l’eau et des sols au Maroc, Valorisation des techniques traditionnelles m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes. IRD \u00c9ditions Marseille, FRANCE.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">-Adger, W.N., (2003) Social Capital, Collective Action, and Adaptation to Climate Change, Economic Geography, vol.\u00a079, 4,<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Critchley, W. and Siegert, C. (1991) Water Harvesting Manual. FAO Paper AGL\/MISC\/17\/91, FAO, Rome.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– FAO\u00a0(2016)\u00a0:\u00a0Strengthening agricultural water effi\u00adciency and productivity on the African and global level, Status, performance and scope assessment of water harvesting in Uganda, Burkina Faso and Morocco<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– UNESCO & UNU (2012) Traditional Knowledge & Climate Change.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Zafar A.)2008(Promoting Traditional Water Management in Drylands: Adapting Traditional Knowledge to Meet Today\u2019s Challenges. Publisher :\u00a0United Nations University<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 (2024) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.\u00a0<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/em>,\u00a0<em>4<\/em>(3). \u0635179-180 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>ROYAUME DU MAROC MINISTERE DE L\u2019AGRICULTURE, DU DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL ET DES PECHES MARITIMES, DIRECTION PROVINCIALE DE L\u2019AGRICULTURE DE NADOR\u00a0, (2004) ETUDE DU SCHEMA DIRECTEUR DE DEVELOPPEMENT AGRICOLE DE LA PLAINE DE MIDAR-DRIOUCH. P 8 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a (\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a 2016) <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (2014) \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0635 11 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><em>Zafar A.)2008(Promoting Traditional Water Management in Drylands: Adapting Traditional Knowledge to Meet Today\u2019s Challenges. Publisher :\u00a0United Nations University<\/em>. p5 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (2002) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0635 16 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Critchley, W. and Siegert, C. (1991) Water Harvesting Manual. FAO Paper AGL\/MISC\/17\/91, FAO, Rome.,p6 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f )2005(\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0635 51. <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><em>EL YADARI.H, CHIKHAOUI. M, M. NAIMI, M. SABIR, D. RACLOT (2019) techniques de Conservation des eaux et des sols au Maroc : aper\u00e7u et perspectives, Rev. Mar. Sci. Agron. V\u00e9t. 7 (2) p\u00a0348<\/em> <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>AL KARKOURI. J, WATFEH. A, ADERGHAL. M, (2002). Techniques de CES dans une zone semi-aride m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne du Rif central (B\u00e9ni Bouffrah), Maroc.\u00a0Bull. R\u00e9seau \u00c9rosion,\u00a021. p79 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>SABIR.M, \u00c9 ROOSE, AL KARKOURI J (2010) Les techniques traditionnelles de gestion de l’eau, de la biomasse et de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols, Ouvrage collectif : Gestion durable de l’eau et des sols au Maroc, Valorisation des techniques traditionnelles m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes. IRD \u00c9ditions Marseille, France, p 137 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Sabir M., Roose \u00c9, AL karkouri J, (2010)\u00a0: Les techniques traditionnelles de gestion de l’eau, de la biomasse et de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols, Ouvrage collectif : Gestion durable de l’eau et des sols au Maroc, Valorisation des techniques traditionnelles m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes. IRD \u00c9ditions Marseille, FRANCE 137, p 129 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>FAO\u00a0(2016)\u00a0:\u00a0Strengthening agricultural water effi\u00adciency and productivity on the African and global level, Status, performance and scope assessment of water harvesting in Uganda, Burkina Faso and Morocco, p 38 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Mollard \u00c9., Walter A. (\u00e9d.), (2008). Agricultures singuli\u00e8res. Paris, IRD Editions, p 157 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><em>Mohomed SABIR.<\/em>,<em>\u00a0\u00c9ric ROOSE<\/em>,<em> Jamal AL KARKOURI <\/em> <em> op cit p137<\/em> <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Roose. E, 1994 – Introduction \u00e0 la gestion conservatoire de l’eau, de la biomasse et de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols (GCES). <em>Bull. P\u00e9dol. FAO, <\/em>70, p 137. <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>SABIR M., (2002) Quelques techniques traditionnelles de GCES dans le bassin versant de Sidi Driss, Haut Atlas, Maroc. <em>Bull. <\/em>: 224-231 <em>R\u00e9seau \u00c9rosion, <\/em>21, p228 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>FAO\u00a0(2016)\u00a0:\u00a0Strengthening agricultural water effi\u00adciency and productivity on the African and global level, Status, performance and scope assessment of water harvesting in Uganda, Burkina Faso and Morocco , p 35 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>UNESCO & UNU (2012) Traditional Knowledge & Climate Change p6 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>FAO\u00a0( 2016), op cit, p 11 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>AL ABASSI, H, 2000 : Le savoir-faire des populations locales et gestion des eaux et des sols dans une moyenne montagne m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne semi-aride du Rif oriental (Maroc).\u00a0Bull. R\u00e9seau \u00c9rosion,\u00a020,\u00a0p 426 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 6494 \u2013 21 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 1437 (25 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2016) <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11432-footnote-23\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adger, W.N., (2003) Social Capital, Collective Action, and Adaptation to Climate Change, Economic Geography, vol.\u00a079, 4, p\u00a0387 <a href=\"#post-11432-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627) \u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u06321 1 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11432","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11473,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11432\/revisions\/11473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}}