{"id":11382,"date":"2024-10-01T12:04:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T12:04:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=11382"},"modified":"2024-10-01T12:04:40","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T12:04:40","slug":"5-10-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-10-7\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mr.shihab.81@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{2<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0640\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ozay@gazi.edu.tr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
HNSJ, 2024, 5(10); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj510\/7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u062e\u064e\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062c\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064b \u063a\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0650\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0650.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0644\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u063a\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a.<\/p>\n<a id=\"post-11382-GrindEQpgref5f741fe61\"><\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\nThe Role of Verbal Metaphors in Establishing Linguistic Elegance<\/strong><\/p>\nShehab Ahmed Hasan AL-JUBOURI1<\/sup>, \u0130brahim \u00d6zay2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n1 <\/sup>Assistant Teacher, Faculty of Education, Department of Foreign Language Education, Gazi University, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye Email: mr.shihab.81@gmail.com<\/p>\n2 <\/sup>Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, Department of Foreign Language Education, Gazi University, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye Email: ozay@gazi.edu.tr<\/p>\nHNSJ, 2024, 5(10); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj510\/7<\/p>\nPublished at 01\/10\/2024 Accepted at 11\/09\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\nAbstract <\/strong><\/p>\nThis research addresses the role of verbal metaphors and their impact on achieving linguistic elegance. Metaphor, as a rhetorical art, elevates language from ordinary expression to a level of beauty and linguistic creativity. The study examines how verbal metaphors interact with various texts, adding a refined and attractive quality to the language, thus enhancing its literary and aesthetic value. Furthermore, the research explores the role of metaphor in broadening the scope of meaning and enabling the audience to perceive hidden layers of significance, making language a rich medium for artistic and rhetorical expression.<\/p>\nKey Words: <\/strong>Metaphor, Linguistic Elegance, Linguistic Beauty, Rhetoric, Eloquence, Meaning.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0641\u064a 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(\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1979\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 400)<\/p>\n\u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0647. (\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c 1990\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 48-49)<\/p>\n\u0641\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629. (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 39)<\/p>\n\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0650\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. (\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 132)<\/p>\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a (\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0632) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638. (Ric\u0153ur, 1975, p. 105)<\/p>\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0633\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 74) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0627” \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627”.<\/p>\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627: <\/strong>\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0633\u0650\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c 398 \u0647\u0640\u0640\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 60)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c 817 \u0647\u0640\u0640\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 79). \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629” \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629” \u0623\u064a: \u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0650\u0628\u064c. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0650\u063a<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0646\u064d \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0647<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0648\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0650\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0630\u0651\u0650\u0631<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0650\u0638<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062c\u0648\u0644<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0646<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0628<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0642<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u064e\u062f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0630\u0650\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0641.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0626\u064a\u0628<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0630\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u062f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643: <\/strong>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f: <\/strong>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0648\u0644.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641: <\/strong>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647: <\/strong>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0639\u062c.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642: <\/strong>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0621. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648<\/strong> \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062c\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b: <\/strong>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0650\u062d. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0630\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0631<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064d\u0651\u060c \u0623\u0648<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639:<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0631<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u062c<\/strong> (Prestige) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627<\/strong> (Charisma)\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0627\u064e\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> (Diplomatic) \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong> (Classic) \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a<\/strong> (Etiquette) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0651\u0650\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0633<\/strong> (Chance) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0638.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/strong> (Relax) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a<\/strong> (Smart) \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0650\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 <\/strong>\/ \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0645<\/strong> \/ \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a: \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/strong> \/ \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a: \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0643<\/strong> \/ \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a: \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a: <\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0650\u062f \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631: <\/strong>\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0650\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064e \u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651<\/strong>: \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629: <\/strong>\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u061b \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u0630\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062f.\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0650<\/strong>: \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639<\/strong>: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e) \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0647: <\/strong>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0642\u062f \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629: <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2001). \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631. (474 \u0647\u0640\u0640). \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062f. (398 \u0647\u0640\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0650\u062f. (1979). \u0641\u0646\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648. (1997). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644. (395 \u0647\u0640\u0640). \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631<\/em>. (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2006). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631. (2008). \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621. (1979). \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631<\/em>. \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628. (817 \u0647\u0640\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1996). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 – \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 – \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/em>. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1990). \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\nK\u00f6vescses, Z. (2010). Metaphor A Pratical Introduction<\/em>. Oxford University 2 Ed.<\/p>\nRic\u0153ur, P. (1975). La M\u00e9taphore<\/em> Vive.<\/em> Seuil.<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0645\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641\u0652\u0638\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u062f. \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a1\u060c \u0623. \u0645. \u062f. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064a2 1 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0640\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11382","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11382"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11409,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11382\/revisions\/11409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}}}