{"id":10741,"date":"2024-08-01T14:30:33","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10741"},"modified":"2024-08-01T14:30:40","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:30:40","slug":"5-8-22","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-8-22\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a)<\/h1>\n

\u0645. \u0645. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u06331<\/sup> \u060c \u0623. \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06472<\/sup><\/strong><\/h3>\n

1<\/sup>\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: aatedalshakerabas22@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ahmed.gailan77@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj58\/22<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/08\/2024\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 22\/07\/2024\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

General approaches to criminal evidence (A comparative study in Iraqi and Lebanese legislation)<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj58\/22<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/08\/2024 Accepted at 22\/07\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The general approaches in criminal evidence are important topics due to the great position they occupy in criminal law in practice, they face every person working in law, or appear before the criminal courts, the crime is a set of material facts that compose its pillars, elements and circumstances, but the sensory presence of these facts is not enough to inflict punishment unless these facts are linked to a specific actor with a causal relationship, which is called attribution, and the attribution is only evidence, and it has occurred The means of proof have wide developments thanks to scientific progress, noting that these developments were based on accurate scientific foundations that were able to provide the judge with evidence that is decisive in the criminal case, and the humanitarian endeavors varied at various stages about the search for means of proof in the criminal case and thus the ratio of the means to its owner, and accordingly the stages of the emergence of criminal evidence systems varied from the stage of the legal evidence system, through the system of free proof, to a new system developed is the scientific evidence system, And there is an origin in the Code of Criminal Procedure in both Iraq and Lebanon, the content of which is that the criminal courts there build their doctrine on what they are assured of the evidence and elements in the case as long as they are on the table, and we have concluded through this study to many results, the most important of which is to consider evidence of the most important topics of criminal law, the goal of the criminal evidence system is to reach the factual truth, and suggested to the Iraqi and Lebanese legislator to rely on (the system of the competent criminal judge) In order to be more knowledgeable and experienced in his field of criminal specialization, through which it is easier for the trial judge to demonstrate criminal intent and to prove its existence.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>criminal offense – criminal evidence – criminal case – criminal judge – scientific evidence.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b- \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064e -\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b : <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 :<\/p>\n

\u0623-\u0642\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a<\/strong> \u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c 1974.<\/p>\n

\u0628-\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0637<\/strong> \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2007.<\/p>\n

\u062a -\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n

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<\/a><\/a><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (180) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0663\u0662\u0668) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0661 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647. “\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 ” \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 “\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0661-\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0662-\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0663-\u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0664-\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0665-\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0666-\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0667-\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0668-\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0669-\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a\u061b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0660-\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0661-\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0661-\u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635) \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0662-\u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (179)\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0662\u0663\u0668 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0661 \u060c \u0648(\u0667\u0660) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: ( \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0663-\u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (179) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 :(\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 )\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0664-\u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (215)\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: ( \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1970 \u062c1 \u06353. \u062f. \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633. \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u060c\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 2016.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a. \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 1983.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 , \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a “\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629” , \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 ,2017, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u060c\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 , \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f601 \u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1991.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c2010.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623 \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c2018.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a .<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u060c 1957.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u060c 1994.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0663\u0662\u0668 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0661 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 2008.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. () \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062c1 1978\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635731. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
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  3. () \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 2016 \u060c \u063510. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. () \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 213- \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 23\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1971 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 ((\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647)). \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. () \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644” \u0646\u0642\u0636 7\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u06311976\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u063327,\u0631\u0642\u0645 192,\u0635848. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646 ” \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 .\u0646\u0642\u0636 17\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994,\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 ,\u063345, \u0631\u0642\u0645 87,\u0635535. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. () \u062f. \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a. \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 1983 \u063512. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. ()\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063584. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. ()\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 , \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a “\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629” , \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 ,2017, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639, \u063569. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. () \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u060c\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 , \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f601 \u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1991 \u060c\u063538. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. () \u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c2010 \u060c \u063567. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. () \u062f. \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623 \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c2018,\u063551 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. () \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c\u063512. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. () \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u060c 1957 \u060c \u0635170. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. () \u062f. \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u060c 1994\u060c \u0635105. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0663\u0662\u0668 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0661 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. \n

    () \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 2008 \u060c \u0635 20 . \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0645. \u0645. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u06331 \u060c \u0623. \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06472 1\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10741","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10741"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10746,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10741\/revisions\/10746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}