{"id":10573,"date":"2024-07-18T18:41:35","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T18:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10573"},"modified":"2024-07-18T18:41:39","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T18:41:39","slug":"5-7-35","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-7-35\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/h1>\n<h3><strong>\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2006.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2022.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0633\u060c&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c2000).<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c1996).<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0632\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2003.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2010.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f 11\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u06442001&#8243;\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c2012).<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2004.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2003.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1995.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2008.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2008.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0635\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0635\u0647\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u201c\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 1990 2003&#8243;\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:2019).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Stevner, Miclael (1991) Navigating The Gulf, Foreign Policy No (18) pp 39 \u2013 45<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b11\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001&#8243;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f10\u060c (\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c2022)\u060c \u063548. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b11\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001\u060c \u063549. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">* \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 .1958 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0633\u060c&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c2000)\u060c \u0635221\u060c 222. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f 11\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u06442001&#8243;\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c2012)\u060c \u0635\u060c18. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0639\u0645\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a1971 1980&#8243;\u060c(\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 6\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f3\u060c\u0635100. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0639\u0645\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a1971 1980\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635101. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a2008 2015&#8243;\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c2014)\u060c \u063538. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a2008 2015&#8243;\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c2014)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063540. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0635\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0635\u0647\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u201c\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 1990 2003&#8243;\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:2019)\u060c \u063529. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a2008 2015&#8243;\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c2014)\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u063531. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063543. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0628\u0643\u0640\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0640\u0648\u062f\u060c&#8221; \u062c\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u06372\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: 1991) \u0635\u060c115. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0633\u0640\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0629\u060c&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c(\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c1996)\u060c \u0635 \u060c253. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() Stevner, Miclael (1991) Navigating The Gulf, Foreign Policy No (18) pp 39 \u2013 45. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1995\u060c \u0635 78. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>()<\/sup> \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 106. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635189. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0632\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635 54\u060c 55. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635 145. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637&#8221;\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 16225\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2016. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0634&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635123. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635 65 -66. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2006\u060c \u0635 9-41. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 198.<a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 192. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 215. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-10573-footnote-28\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2022\u060c \u063577. <a href=\"#post-10573-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u06461 1 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\/ \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ismaeladwan1991@gmail.com \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 HNSJ, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10573","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10573"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10573\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10575,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10573\/revisions\/10575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}