{"id":10465,"date":"2024-07-02T16:05:54","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T16:05:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10465"},"modified":"2024-07-02T16:06:06","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T16:06:06","slug":"5-7-13","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-7-13\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n

\u0645.\u0645. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u06461<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <\/a>Husseinjalil2024@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\/ \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj57\/13<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/07\/2024\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 18\/06\/2024\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a. \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Civil Liability Arising from the Risks of Technological Advancement in the Scope of Medical Practices<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hussein Jalil Hassoun1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> The Islamic University of Lebanon, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Department of Private Law.<\/p>\n

E-Mail: Husseinjalil2024@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Supervised by Prof. Dr. \/Khalil Gabriel Khairallah<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj57\/13<\/strong><\/p>\n

Published at 01\/07\/2024 Accepted at 18\/06\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Recently, the world has witnessed remarkable technological advancements that have significantly impacted the medical field, enhancing processes of examination, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. However, these advancements carry inherent, unseen risks that may threaten patients’ lives, as they cannot be detected within the current scientific and technical knowledge limits. This reality raises questions about the adequacy of the traditional elements of civil liability\u2014fault, damage, and causation\u2014in addressing these new technological risks. The research also explores how to balance the protection of affected patients from these risks with ensuring fairness for medical practitioners. The study aims to investigate the possibility of affected patients receiving appropriate compensation by examining the concept of technological risks, the nature of physicians’ liability, and compensation procedures. The research concludes with presenting findings and recommendations aimed at strengthening the legal framework to ensure patient safety and achieve justice.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Civil Liability \u2013 Technological Advancements Risks \u2013 Medical Practice \u2013 Medical Errors \u2013 Medical Legal Liability.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0646 ((\u0643\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a([1]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629)) \u0625\u0630 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a ((European directive)\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1985\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a([2]<\/a><\/sup>) <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (7\/\u0623) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631([3]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1245-10- 4) \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 ([4]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a ([5]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u064a([6]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 ((\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c – \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647- \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644)).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a ([7]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup> \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f (4) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (10) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1245) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (19 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1998) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644:- \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (19 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1998)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 ([8]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>:<\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (35\/b) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 ((lugano \u0641\u064a (21 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1993) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 1 \u2013 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623 \u2013 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (a) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u0628 \u2013 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 a)) \u0648 b)) \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a. \u062c \u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (18\/1).<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (8\/4\/b) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a (2004\\35\\ce) \u0641\u064a 21\/4\/2004 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 (\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636([9]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a([10]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627).<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629…. \u0627\u0644\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a([11]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 ([12]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0623\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b ([13]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n