{"id":10011,"date":"2024-05-20T09:16:06","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T09:16:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10011"},"modified":"2024-05-20T09:16:10","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T09:16:10","slug":"5-4-25","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-4-25\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 HNSJ, 2024, 5(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj54\/25<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Great Arab Revolt and the Arab Unity Project<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Ahmed Salama Suleiman Al-Majali1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Teacher, Ministry of Education, Jordan.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj54\/25<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/04\/2024 Accepted at 15\/03\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The study aimed to identify the Great Arab Revolt and the Arab Unity Project. The study dealt with the most prominent events and challenges facing the Arab Unity Project, identifying the history and stages of the Great Arab Revolt, explaining the reasons and motives for the emergence of the Great Arab Revolt, identifying the personality of Sharif Hussein, the leader of the revolution, and explaining the most prominent results of the Arab Revolt. Great, and explaining the importance of the national project on the idea of establishing a major Arab state in the Arab region.<\/p>\n

The study relied on the historical approach, which is based on analyzing the past, understanding and analyzing historical events, examining the circumstances in which they were written, and understanding the agendas and interests behind each source. Understanding and interpreting historical events and phenomena based on their historical, cultural and social context to analyze the history of the Great Arab Revolt and the Arab unity project.<\/p>\n

The study reached a set of results and recommendations. The study confirmed that the Great Arab Revolt constituted an important turning point in the history of the Middle East in seeking to achieve independence for a group of Arab peoples in the Middle East region and Arab reunification within the framework of a unified Arab state. The study recommended that academics and educators Consolidating the idea of Arab unity in educational school curricula to demonstrate the pioneering role of Sharif Hussein bin Ali in building a unified Arab state.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>The Great Arab Revolt, the Arab Unity Project, Sharif Hussein bin Ali<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong>\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/li>\n
  2. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/li>\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n
  4. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
  5. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u061f<\/li>\n
    2. \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u061f<\/li>\n
    3. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n
    4. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/li>\n
    5. \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a (2016-1942 )\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1942 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 :<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627( \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627 , 2016 :2)<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628, 1999 :65).<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong> : \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629(\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0627, 2019 :2).<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645, \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629( \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a, 1990 :117).<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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      \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a( \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631, 2010 :43).<\/p>\n

      \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a(\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649, 1978 : 65).<\/p>\n

      \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1908\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628( \u0642\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a, 1994 :34).<\/p>\n

      \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0643\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649( \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642, 2000 :54).<\/p>\n

      \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637 \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629( \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a, 2011 :65).<\/p>\n

      \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628(\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646, 2011 :38).<\/p>\n

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      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b : \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 , \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a.\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649( \u062f\u0628\u0634\u064a, 2007 :49).<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n
      3. \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a: \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/li>\n
      4. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629(577 :2005 Co\u015fgel,).<\/li>\n
      5. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/li>\n
      6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/li>\n
      7. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633-\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a(\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647 , 2012 : 355).<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 : \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1853\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1931. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0634, 2020 : 681).<\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0633, 2003 :32).<\/p>\n

        \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a, 1996 :32).<\/p>\n

        \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645( \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062f, 2018 :66).<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0633, 2003 : 43).<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
        2. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n
        3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n
        4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629(Saeb,2017 :11).<\/li>\n
        5. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a ( \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631, 2010 :43):<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
          2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
          3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a : \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
          4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n
          5. \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a , \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a ( \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 , 1991 :47):<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
            2. \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n
            3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
            4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
            5. \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/li>\n
            6. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d.\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 ,\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629( \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a , 2021 :3).<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
              2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
              3. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
              4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
              5. \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n
              6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a: \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
              7. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629( \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646, 2014 :2).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b : \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 <\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1916 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1918 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629( \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646, 2021 :3).<\/p>\n

                \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 , 2016 : 3).<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                2. \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                3. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644: \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
                5. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                6. \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a( \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u062e\u064a, 2023 :2).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u0634\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

                  \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n

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                  \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629, \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n
                  2. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n
                  3. \u0627\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n
                  4. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
                  5. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
                    2. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                    3. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 , \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639(2003). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0627\u063a\u064a(2000). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06371 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644, \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645(2000). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

                      \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f(2012). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629: 1334 \u2013 1343\u0647\u0640\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 9(1)\u060c \u0635335-357<\/p>\n

                      \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642 , \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646(2000). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a(2012). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628, \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 , \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (1999).\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1916 – 1924) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (1990). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 1913 \u2013 \u060c1989 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637\u060c2 \u060c\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0635 115 \u2013 .120<\/p>\n

                      \u062f\u0628\u0634\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631(2007). \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646(1917 -1918). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062c\u060c3 \u062c \u060c2 .\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2018). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c (45)\u060c \u063559-71.<\/p>\n

                      \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0627 ,\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649(2019).\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 , 2, \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0632\u0647\u062f\u064a ,\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0631(2008). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

                      \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646(1997). \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u060c1 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u062e\u064a , \u0641\u0631\u062d (2023). \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639, 29, \u0627\u0628, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a ,\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645(2009). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 1918-1516\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0637\u060c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c .\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627 , \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 (2016).\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631, 26, \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0631, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e, \u0631\u0623\u0641\u062a(1996). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 , \u0647\u0644\u0627 (2023). \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649, \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629, 3, \u0627\u0628 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a, \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f(2021). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.. \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627,\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a , 24,, \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0631, \u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 ,\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u0646(2011). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0637\u060c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 , \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2021). \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0629\u061f\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 ,10, \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646, \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/p>\n

                      \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646, \u0646\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 (2014).\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627,\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 , 18, \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644, \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0634. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0633. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645(2020). \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a 1916-1924 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c47(1)\u060c\u0635681-<\/p>\n

                      \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a(2011). \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (1916) \u0637\u060c2 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c .\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n

                      \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 , \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f(2000). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u060c20 \u0637 \u060c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c .\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

                      \u0642\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a , \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064a(1994). \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 (1925…1916).\u0637 \u060c2 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 , \u0639\u0645\u0631 (2016).\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062e, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631,6, \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 ,\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f (1978). \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0637 \u060c4 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

                      \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0645 (1991). \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0637\u060c1 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633.<\/p>\n

                      \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f(2010). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0637\u060c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062d(2003).\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c(6)\u060c \u063518-62.<\/p>\n

                      \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 ,\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646(1986). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (1908-1924(\u060c \u0637\u060c3 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f (1996). \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                      \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Co\u015fgel, Metin M. “Efficiency and Continuity in Public Finance: The Ottoman System of Taxation.” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov., 2005): 567-586<\/p>\n

                      DAWN, Ernest, 1991, \u201cThe Origins of Arab Nationalism\u201d, in KHALIDI, Rashid (ed.), The Origins of Arab Nationalism, New York, Columbia University Press.<\/p>\n

                      Saeb Rawashdeh (2017)Great Arab Revolt is cornerstone of Jordan\u2019s political legitimacy \u2014 US scholar,May 25,the Jordan times ,Jordan .<\/p>\n

                      \n

                      \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\/ \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a1 1 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 HNSJ, 2024, 5(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj54\/25 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/04\/2024\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/03\/2024\u0645 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10011","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10011"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10012,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10011\/revisions\/10012"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}